Albania
1929: SK Tiran? (17 N?ntori)
1950: Dinamo Tiran? (Olimpik)
1994: Shkumbini (Peqin)
Argentina
1909: River Plate
1912: Independiente
1913: Boca Juniors
NB: only counting the professional league (since 1931), River Plate,
Independiente
and Boca Juniors are all unrelegated founder members.
Austria
1911: Austria Wien (Amateure)
1911: SK Rapid Wien
2002: SV Pasching (moved to Klagenfurt and play as Austria K?rnten)
2003: SV Mattersburg
2006: SC Rheindorf Altach
Belgium
1989: Germinal Beerschot Antwerpen (Germinal Ekeren)
1996: Excelsior Mouscron
1997: VC Westerlo
2005: KSV Roeselare
2008: AFC Tubize
Brazil
1987: Cruzeiro
1987: Flamengo
1987: Internacional
1987: Santos
1987: S?o Paulo
1987: Vasco da Gama
2002: Figueirense
2008: Ipatinga
Bulgaria
1937: Levski Sofia (Levski-Spartak, Vitosha)
1948: CSKA Sofia (CDNA, Sredets)
2005: Vihren (Sandanski)
Chile
1933: Colo Colo
1977: Cobreloa
2003: Universidad de Concepción
Colombia
1948: Independiente Santa Fe
1948: Millonarios
1999: Pasto
2004: Chicó
Croatia
1991: Dinamo Zagreb
1991: Hajduk Split
1991: NK Osijek
1991: NK Rijeka
1991: NK Zagreb
1991: Varteks Vara?din
1997: Slaven Belupo Koprivnica
Cyprus
1934: APOEL
1953: Omonoia
1957: Apollon
1969: Enosis Neon
2008: Atromitos
NB: APOEL and Omonoia spent one or more seasons in the Greek first division
as champions
of Cyprus.
Denmark
1982: Br?ndby IF
2002: FC Nordsj?lland (Farum BK)
NB: FC K?benhavn haven't been relegated since they took over B 1903's place
in
1992; however both B 1903 and the other feeder club, KB, were relegated
several
times (B 1903 three times and KB five times).
Likewise, FC Midtjylland haven't been relegated since earning promotion
in 2000,
but as they took over the place of Ikast fS (who were relegated from the
first
level on three occasions) after they formed a superstructure with Herning
Fremad
(relegated from the first level once themselves), they are also not
listed.
Finally, AC Horsens have not been relegated since their first promotion
2005,
but they are a merger of Horsens fS and FC Horsens; the former were
relegated
twice from the top level.
Ecuador
1957: Barcelona
Egypt
1948: Al-Ahly
1948: Zamalek
England
2005: Wigan Athletic
2008: Hull City
Finland
2005: IFK Mariehamn
2009: JJK Jyv?skyl?
France
1974: FC Paris Saint-Germain
1980: AJ Auxerre
NB: Paris Saint-Germain played in the first division 1971/72, but were taken
over by
Paris FC before the end of the season. The club had to restart with
their amateur
team, then in the 3rd division, kept the name, the colours and the
president (but
changed grounds), earned promotion to the second division at the end of
1972/73,
and to the first at the end of 1973/74.
Germany (GDR, East Germany)
1984: Stahl Brandenburg
NB: Stahl Brandenburg has suffered relegation since the unification of
Germany 1991.
Germany (FRG, (West) Germany)
1963: Hamburger SV
1965: Bayern München
1979: Bayer Leverkusen
1997: VfL Wolfsburg
2008: TSG Hoffenheim
Ghana
1958: Asante Kotoko
1958: Hearts of Oak
1978: Real Tamale United
1986: Goldfields
1996: King Faisal Babies
2003: Heart of Lions
2006: Tema Youth
NB: a first national league was installed in 1956 (including all 1958
founding members),
but all but two teams (Hearts of Oak and Eleven Wise) withdrew, and no
championship
was played in 1957. In 1970 eight provincial qualifying groups were
formed, with
15 teams qualifying for the final "Upper League". All unrelegated
founder members
(and none of the other unrelegated teams) qualified for it.
Greece
1959: AEK
1959: Olympiakos
1959: Panathinaikos
1959: PAOK (Thessaloniki)
1989: (Skoda) Xanthi
Honduras
1965: Marathón
1965: Motagua
1965: Olimpia
1965: Real Espa?a
1965: Vida
Hungary
2006: Paksi SE
NB: Ferencváros had their first level license revoked in July 2006, after
having competed in the top flight since the first ever season in 1901.
Iceland
2008: Fj?lnir
NB: a national league was installed in Iceland in 1912, but a proper
relegation mechanism
only in 1955. No teams have always been in the league since 1912.
Valur, who were
in the league without interruption since 1923, were relegated in 1999.
Ireland
1921: Bohemians
1951: Saint Patrick's Athletic
1984: Cork City
1987: Derry City
NB: for a long time, there was no institutionalised relegation.
Bohemians played in the Irish League (now restricted to Northern Ireland)
before the associations split in 1920, and were relegated in 1911.
Derry City played in the league of Northern Ireland every season from 1929
until 1972 before being forced out in the 1972/73 season due to safety
issues; they entered the league of the Republic of Ireland in 1985 (at
the second level). They were never relegated in either league.
Israel
1950: Maccabi Tel-Aviv
Italy
1929: Internazionale (Ambrosiana)
2003: Siena
2004: Città di Palermo
NB: Internazionale played all Italian championships since 1908.
Until their forced relegation in 2006, Juventus played all Italian
championships since 1900 (although they were nominally relegated in
1911 and 1913 but remained at the first level in Piemonte anyway;
in addition, they didn't finish the championship in 1908).
Parma were relegated from the northern section of the championship level
in 1926.
Città di Palermo are a new club founded in 1987 after Palermo were
refused a license for Serie B in 1986.
Ivory Coast
1960: Africa Sports
1960: ASEC (Abidjan)
2003: ES Bingerville
Japan
1965: JEF United Ichihara (Furukawa)
1992: Shimizu S-Pulse
2000: FC Tokyo
2003: Oita Trinita
NB: the league structure was completely overhauled with the introduction of
the
professional J-League in 1992, including a host of name changes. Of the
current J-League members, the following suffered relegation under
previous
names: Gamba Osaka (Matsushita), Jubilo Iwata (Yamaha), Kashima Antlers
(Sumitomo),
Kashiwa Reysol (Hitachi), Nagoya Grampus Eight (Toyota), Sanfrecce
Hiroshima (Mazda),
Yokohama F. Marinos (Nissan).
Luxembourg
2005: UN Kaerjeng
Macedonia
1992: Vardar
1992: Pobeda
1992: Sileks
1998: Rabotnicki
2003: Baskimi
2005: Renova
Malta
1946: Hibernians
1946: Valletta
NB: a national league was installed in Malta in 1909, but a proper relegation
mechanism
only in 1945. No teams have always been in the league since 1909.
Hibernians were
in the league without interruption since 1937, Valletta since 1945.
Mexico
1943: América
1943: Guadalajara
1950: Necaxa (Atlético Espa?ol)
1953: Toluca
1962: Pumas (UNAM)
1964: Cruz Azul
1968: Santos (Laguna, Deportivo Neza, Santos)
1975: Tecos (UAG)
Netherlands
1956: Ajax
1956: Feyenoord (Feijenoord)
1956: PSV
1956: FC Utrecht (DOS)
NB: if we consider the regional first classes since 1898, the only team never
to have
been relegated since gaining promotion to the first level is Feyenoord
(promoted, as
Feijenoord, in 1921).
Northern Ireland
1890: Cliftonville
1890: Glentoran
1890: Linfield
1924: Portadown
2006: Donegal Celtic
NB: for a long time, there was no institutionalised relegation.
Derry City played in the league of Northern Ireland every season from 1929
until 1972 before being forced out in the 1972/73 reasons due to safety
issues; they entered the league of the Republic of Ireland in 1985 (at the
2nd level). They were never relegated in either league.
Norway
1975: Lillestr?m SK
Peru
1928: Universitario Lima
2004: Universidad San Martín de Porres
Poland
1995: Amica Wronki
1996: Odra Wodzislaw
NB: Pogon Lwów and Warszawianka were unrelegated until 1939, and were
not re-created after the war (Pogon because Lwów was no longer part
of Poland).
Amica Wronki merged into Lech Poznan 2006.
Portugal
1938: SL Benfica
1938: FC Porto
1938: Sporting CP
2005: Naval
2008: Trofense
NB: a national Portuguese league was already installed in 1934/35, but the
championship
was decided through the knock-out cup tournament. In the first seasons,
teams
qualified for the national league through regional leagues rather than a
promotion/relegation system.
Romania
1947: Dinamo Bucuresti
1947: Steaua (Armata, CCA)
1990: Gloria Bistrita
2005: FC Vaslui
2008: CS Otopeni
Russia
1992: Spartak Moskva
1992: Lokomotiv Moskva
1992: CSKA Moskva
1992: Dinamo Moskva
1992: Krylya Sovetov Samara
1999: Saturn Moskovskaya Oblast
2001: FK Moskva (Torpedo-ZIL, Torpedo-Metallurg)
2003: Rubin Kazan
2004: Amkar Perm
2005: Tom Tomsk
2006: Spartak Nalchik
2007: FK Khimki
Scotland
1890: Celtic
1890: Rangers
1905: Aberdeen
2004: Inverness Caledonian Thistle
NB: Aberdeen did not play in the Scottish league during WW I (1917-1919),
but did not lose membership.
Soviet Union
1936: Dynamo Kiev
1936: Dynamo Moskva
1936: Dynamo Tbilisi
1937: Torpedo Moskva
1988: Pamir Dushanbe
1990: Metalurg Zaporozhe
NB: Dynamo Tbilisi entered the Soviet league in its second season, which,
like the first, was played in 1936. After the 1990 season they left
the league (together with Guria Lanchkhuti, also of Georgia, and
Zhalgiris
Vilnius of Lithuania) to play in the newly formed domestic league of
Georgia.
After the 1991 season all successor states of the USSR started their own
leagues; Pamir Dushanbe have had to withdraw from the Tajik championship
since then, and Torpedo Moskva were relegated from the Russian top level
in 2006.
Spain
1928: Athletic de Bilbao
1928: FC Barcelona
1928: Real Madrid
2004: Getafe CF
2007: UD Almería
NB: UD Almería (founded 1989) are a different entity from AD Almería, who
played 2 seasons (1979-1981) at the Spanish top level but were dissolved
in 1982.
Sweden
None.
Switzerland
2008: FC Vaduz
NB: Lausanne-Sports were refused a professional license for the 2002/03
season,
ending their continual presence in the Nationalliga A since its foundation
in 1933.
Servette FC were relegated in 2005 following bankruptcy, ending their
series
of playing all Swiss championships since they were first held in 1900.
Tunisia
1955: Club Africain
1955: Stade Tunisien
1955: CS Sfaxien (formerly Club Tunisien)
1955: Etoile Sportive du Sahel (Sousse)
1955: Espérance Sportive de Tunis
NB: ES Sahel did not participate in 1961/62 due to a one-year long
dissolution;
ES Tunis did not participate in 1970/71 due to a one-year long
dissolution.
Turkey
1960: Besiktas
1960: Fenerbah?e
1960: Galatasaray
1974: Trabzonspor
2005: Sivasspor
2007: Hacettepespor
2007: Istanbul BB
NB: Hacettepespor were promoted as Gen?lerbirligi OFTAS and renamed
in 2008; they are different from the Hacettepe club which played
at the top level for 8 seasons between 1959 and 1968.
Uruguay
1900: Pe?arol
1901: Nacional
1999: Tacuarembó FC
NB: only counting the professional league (since 1932), Nacional and Pe?arol
are both unrelegated founder members.
Pe?arol were expelled from the Uruguayan association (together with
Central) on November 20, 1922, after playing matches against teams from
the Argentine 'Asociación Amateurs de Football' (a rival organisation to
the 'Asociación Argentina de Football'); at that time, they had played
16 league matches. In 1923 and 1924 they played in a league organised
by the 'Federación Uruguaya de Football' before the leagues were united
in 1926 (there was no league competition in 1925); they were therefore
active at the top level in every season since 1900.
Yugoslavia
1932: Hajduk Split
1946: Crvena zvezda Beograd
1946: Dynamo Zagreb
1946: Partizan Beograd
1987: Rad Beograd
NB: Hajduk were the only club to reach the final stages (i.e. quarterfinals
or
final group stage) of the national championship in every season from its
start in 1923. There were final playoffs from 1927 until 1930/31 in
league
format; qualifying for this was based on regional competitions. In
1932/33
a national league with promotion and relegation was introduced, but there
was no championship in 1933/34 and one decided by a knock-out tournament
in
1935/36.
In 1991 and 1992 leagues in the five successor states were formed; Hajduk
and
Dinamo are now in the Croatian League, Crvena zvezda, Partizan and Rad in
that
of Yugoslavia, where Rad have suffered relegation since the split.
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FROM 116.232.132.*