中国有色金属学报 The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals 2004年5月
循环经济与生态工业工程
金 涌, 魏 飞
(清华大学化工系, 北京100084)
摘 要: 生态工业工程是通过向自然生态学习, 以"社会发展"、"珍惜资源"和"环境
质量"为多重目标, 构建循环经济技术基石。在发展这一新的工业生产模式过程中需
依托物理、化学、生物学最新成果的注入, 为此泛化学工程可以发挥重要作用。讨论
了循环经济模式提出的历史背景, 循环经济的内涵、主要技术挑战、学科范畴、主要
指导原则等。
关键词: 循环经济; 生态工业; 可持续发展
Sustainable development and ecological process engineering
JIN Yong, WEI Fei
(Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
Abstract: Challenges to the attainment of sustainable development in China
include: the efficient use of an abundance of labor, the growing population
and growing pollution in cities, a gross national production that is relatively
high but that on a per capita basis is low, and a big market and a situation
where the rate of primary goods production is high with large depletion
of energy and materials for which there is much room for improvement. The
main problems are: energy and materials resources per capita are lower than
the world level, the level of technology is low with a need for more advanced
techniques for higher added value, and the environmental pollution and ecological
degradation problems are severe. The only way to respond is by building
a cycle economy and metabolic society. This requires the development of an
ecological industry and technologies for clean production. The development
needs to follow the 3R principles of reduce, recycle and reuse of resources
. The cycle economy is comprised of three levels and three supports, in which
the three levels are the metabolic society, the establishment of ecological
industrial parks, and the realization of clean production, and the three
supports are growth by hi-tech R &D, the rules of ecological systems, and
ecology education and upholding of moral standards.
A distinction is made between two possible modes of economic expansion. Mode
1 is a true and intrinsic development that is driven by progress in science
and technology, which would achieve GDP growth while decreasing resource
depletion and pollution. Mode 2 is a market based development, in which
there is duplication of construction at a low technological level with increased
resources depletion and pollution. Process engineering in the industries
of petroleum products, metallurgy, chemicals, building materials, pharmaceuticals
and others is very important in the national economy. They are also the
largest users of energy and resources, and cause the heaviest pollutions.
The optimal use, reuse and recycle of resources are discussed by a classification
into three categories : category 1 in which the reuse of a product is considered
on the basis of functionality recovery by mechanical means, category 2 in
which metabolic processes are developed for several important elements in
industry, and category 3 in which carbon and hydrogen cycles function as
energy carriers. The concept of "clean production" is considered at five
levels : pollution treatment of standard discharges, recycled utilization
to minimize discharge, green chemical engineering processes in which pollution
sources are replaced by clean alternative processes, ecological chemical
engineering and full life-cycle clean product design, and the establishment
of eco-industrial parks (EIP) .
In summary, sustainable development is an urgent and international task.
New technological developments are the corner stone of a cycle economy. Ecological
process engineering can make significant contributions.
Key words:
cycle economy; ecological process engineering; sustainable development
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