Catenaccio describes a tactical system in football with an emphasis on defence and tactical fouls. In Italian catenaccio means "door-bolt" and it means a highly organized and effective backline defense which is intended to prevent goals. It was made famous by Argentinean trainer Helenio Herrera of Inter Milan in the 1960s who used it to grind out 1-0 wins over opponents in their league games.
The system remained popular until the European Cup final in 1967 when it backfired on Inter who had gone 1-0 up from an 8th minute Mazzola penalty kick. They came under constant pressure from Celtic F.C, a team admired for their style of attack. Celtic won the game 2-1 with over 40 attempts on goal in the process. The game exposed the serious weaknesses of the catenaccio system. After the game Helenio Herrera was forced to admit: 'Celtic deserved to win and their win was a victory for the sport'.
Catenaccio could have originated from the verrou or "chain" system invented by Austrian coach Karl Rappan. As coach of Switzerland, Rappan played a defensive sweeper just ahead of his goalkeeper in the 1930s and 1940s. Nereo Rocco's Padova, in the 1950s, pioneered the system in Italy where it would be used again by the AC Milan team of the early 1960s.
Rappan's "verrou" system, proposed in 1932 when coach of Servette, was implemented with 4 fixed defenders, playing a strict man-to-man marking system, plus a playmaker in the middle of the field who plays the ball together with two midfield wings.
Rocco's tactic, often referred to as the "real" catenaccio, was shown first in 1947 with Triestina: the most common mode of operation was a 1-3-3-3 formation with a strictly defensive team approach. With catenaccio, Triestina finished the Serie A tournament in a surprising second place. Some variations include 1-4-4-1 and 1-4-3-2 formations.
The key innovation of catenaccio was the introduction of the role of libero or sweeper, a player positioned behind the line of three defenders. The sweeper's role was to recover loose balls, nullify the opponent's striker and double mark when necessary. Another important innovation was the counter-attack, mainly based on long passes from the defence.
In Herrera's version in the 1960s, four man-marking defenders are tightly assigned to each opposing attacker while an extra sweeper would pick up any loose ball that escaped the coverage of the defenders.
With the years, the original catenaccio has been slowly abandoned for other, more balanced tactical approaches; in particular, the increasing popularity gained by an attacking-based approach like Total Football has contributed to make catenaccio just yet another football tactic.Contents [hide]
1 Catenaccio today
2 Catenaccio in football history
3 Competing philosophies
4 See also
[edit]
Catenaccio today
Real catennacio is no longer used in the modern football world. Two major characteristics of this style; man-to-man marking and the libero position are no longer in use, rendering pure catennacio unavailable. What many consider catennacio is rather a very hyper-defensive or retreat style defending from teams, with rare forward movement. An example of this can be seen from the Champion league winning Liverpool of 2005. Liverpool regained a three goal deficit with 12 minutes of intense attack, upon which they retreated into their defensive shell again for the remainder of the match. It was quite an impressive 12 minutes, which caught AC Milan completely off guard. This hyper defensive style is still commonly referred to as catennacio.
Nowadays, catenaccio is used mainly by weaker teams, in order to reduce any technical gap against stronger ones by showing a more physical approach to football. The slow disappearance of the role of sweepers in modern football has also contributed to the decline in its use.
The catenaccio system is often criticized for reducing the quality of football games as a spectacle. In certain parts of Europe it became synonymous with negative football since the attacking aspect of the game is neglected.
One frequent mistake is to define catenaccio as any defensive tactical system used by a football team. This is actually untrue, because catenaccio is just one of the possible defensive tactics to be used. Nowadays catenaccio is used less and less by top teams, and often limited solely to particular circumstances, such as numerical inferiority following a sending off, or needing to defend a marginal scoreline until the end of the match. Thus, today catenaccio is also frequently referred to as any extremely defensive mental approach to a football match by a team.
Catenaccio is often thought to be commonplace in Italian football, however, it is actually used infrequently by Italian Serie A teams, which instead prefer to apply some other, more modern, tactical systems, like 4-4-2 and others. This does not apply to the Italian national football team, however. Italy's previous coaches, Cesare Maldini and Giovanni Trapattoni, used the catenaccio at international heights, and have all failed to reach the top. Italy, under Maldini, lost on penalties at the 1998 FIFA World Cup while Trapattoni lost early in the second round at 2002 FIFA World Cup and disappointingly lost at the 2004 European Football Championship during the first round, although after this "Trap" curiously would apply successfully catenaccio football, having secured a Portuguese League with SL Benfica in the process.
When Italy was reduced to 10 men in the fiftieth minute of the 2006 FIFA World Cup round of 16 match against Australia, coach Marcello Lippi changed the Azzurri's formation to a defensive orientation which caused the Guardian to note that "the timidity of Italy's approach had made it seem that Helenio Herrera, the high priest of catenaccio, had taken possession of the soul of Marcello Lippi"[1]. Note, however, that the 10 men team was playing with a 4-3-2 scheme, just a midfielder away from the regular 4-4-2. Italy was awarded a penalty in the last minute of stoppage time which midfielder Francesco Totti converted to send Italy through to the quarterfinals.
Italy won their next match against Ukraine (3-0), and proved they have excellent soccer to offer. In their following match, the Azzurri secured a historic semi-final win over Germany in Dortmund by defying common expectations of negative, safety-first play, with their two late goals scored by Fabio Grosso and Alessandro Del Piero in the 119th and 120th minute that sank the host country. In this match, the Azzurri surprised many, including their opponents, by their "un-catenaccio" display which saw both teams having an equal 18 shots, of which the Germans had only six shots on target, while the Italians had an impressive 11, forced 10 saves from German keeper Jens Lehmann, and scored two goals.
[edit]
Catenaccio in football history
This is a list of teams who gained some triumphs by playing catenaccio:
AC Milan, under coach Nereo Rocco, in the 1960s;
Inter Milan, under coach Helenio Herrera, in the 1960s;
Italy, reached final in Euro 2000 after having defeated Holland in the previous round;
Brazil against Turkey in the seminfinals of the 2002 World Cup and Germany in the final match of the 2006 World Cup. It's hard to believe that Brazil, a team notorious for their Jogo Bonito style of the 1960's would use such a tactic, however their stalwart coach Luis Felipe Scolari was known to employ this tactic successfully at the club level with Gremio for many years and used it in the later stages of the 2002 World Cup with perfect counter attack and heavy defensive cover. In the final match Rivaldo opened up the deadlock with a blistering shot from outside of the box which Kahn mishandles leaving a perfect opportunity for Ronaldo to give Brazil the lead. From that point Brazil were content to allow Germany to open up as the Germans needed to move forward, giving Brazil more space to counter attack.
England against Paraguay in the 2006 World Cup group stage. England went one nil up within 10 minutes from a Paraguay own goal and proceeded to defend the lead till the end of the game.
Portugal against Holland in the second round of the 2006 World Cup.After going ahead on a goal by Maniche, Portugal sat back and player perhaps what can be considered a more negative side of catennacio with game wasting fouls. The game itself eventually degenerated into continuous violence which saw several red and yellow cards shown. This one particular match is the ugly side of catennacio, unlike when used right it can be actually quite attractive.
The 2006 World Cup final was played with strong Catenaccio by both France and Italy, being one of the most memorable Catenaccio confrontations in modern times. France and Italy praised loudly their defenses and minimized the role of attacking during the whole competition. The two teams combined performed only 8 direct kicks to the goal after 120 minutes. The final score was 1-1 and Italy won in the penalties.
The Greece team successfully employed defensive tactics to win the Euro 2004, beating teams who often appeared superior on paper - Portugal(twice), Czech Republic and France.
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